Birbal Sahni (14 November, 1891 and 10 April 1949) was an Indian palaeobotanist who studied the fossils of Indian sub-continents. He was also a geologist who took an interest in Archaeology. He founded the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany in Lucknow, India. His greatest contributions lies in the study of botany of the plants of India. Apart from writing numerous influential papers on these topics, he also served as the President of the National Academy of Sciences, India and as the Honorary President of the International Botanical Congress, Stockholm. He died on 10 April, 1949