Q. Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary period for different groups of organisms, include

A) Study of carbohydrates/ proteins in fossils
B) Study of conditions of fossilization
C) Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
D) Study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks
Explanation

Electrons Spin Resonance (ESR) measures number of charges occupying deep traps in crystal band gap. The basic principle of ESR is same as those for luminescene, i.e., electorns become trapped and stored as a result of ionising radiations, e.g., dating of tooth enamel.

Dr. Abubacker
Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker

Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist

Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.

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