Explanation

Industrial melanism is a term used to describe the evolutionary process, in which darker individuals come to predominate over lighter individuals. Since, the industrial revolution as a result of natural selection. Until 1848, almost every individual of peppered moth $(Biston\ betularia)$ captured in Great Britain had light-coloured wings with black specklings. In 1848, a black form of moth was recorded in Manchester and by 1895, 98 of the peppered moth population in Manchester was black. This black melanic form arose by a recurring random mutation.