Explanation

Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells and or their enzymes. Small volume cultures can not give large quantities of the products. Large scale production (100-1000 L) of the products is carried out in bioreactors. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, $pH$, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts. In the sparged stirred tank bioreactor, sterile air bubbles are sparged. The surface area for oxygen transfer is increased