Explanation

[image:11_image16.png] A-Simple stirred-tank bioreactor for continuous culture. B-Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor through, which sterile (free from any germs) air bubbles are sparged Bioreactor (fermenters) Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells and/or their enzymes. Small volume cultures cannot give large quantities of the products. Large scale production (100-1000 L) of the products in carried out in bioreactors. A bioreactor provides the optimal condition for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, $Ph$, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts Types of Bioreactors The most commonly used bioreactors are of stirring type. Stirring type bioreactors are (i) Simple stirredtank bioreactors and (ii) Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor as shown in figure. In the sparged stirred-tank bioreactor, sterile air bubbles are sparged. The surface area for oxygen transfer is increased