Consider the following statements I. In microinjection method foreign DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of animal cell or plant cell by using micro needles or micro pipettes II. Microinjection method is used in oocytes, eggs and embryo III. Electroporation is the formation of temporary pores in the plasma membrane of host cell by using lysozyme or calcium chloride IV. In chemical mediated gene transfer method certain chemicals such as $CO_{2}$ help foreign DNA to enter the host cell Which of the statements given above are correct?

Question

Dr. Abubacker · Accepted Answer

Microinjection DNA is directly injected into plant protoplasts or cells (specifically into the nucleus or cytoplasm) using fine tipped (0.5-1.0 micrometer diameter) glass needle or micropipette. This method of gene transfer is used to introduce DNA into large cells such as oocytes, eggs, and the cells of early embryo Electroporation It involves a pulse of high voltage applied to protoplasts/cells/tissues to make transient (temporory) pores in the plasma membranes which facilitates the uptake of foreign DNA The cells are place in a solution containing DNA and subjected to electrical shock to cause holes in the membranes. The foreign DNA fragments enter through the holes into the cytoplasm and then to nucleus Chemical Mediated Gene Transfer Chemicals like Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and sulphate induce DNA uptake into plant protoplasts. Calcium phosphate is also used to transfer DNA into cultured cells

Explanation

Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker

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