Various stages in hydrarch are Phytoplankton $\downarrow$(Blue-green algae, bacteria) Rooted submerged $\ \ \downarrow$(Hydrilla, Utricularia) Floating stage $\downarrow$(Nelumbo, Nymphaea, Azolla) Reed swamp stage $\downarrow$(Lemna, Wolffia) Sedge meadow stage $\downarrow$(Scirpus, Typha) Woodland stage $\downarrow$(Juncus, Cyperus) Forest stage