C) Energy transfer from lower trophic to higher trophic level
D) Energy consumption during photosynthesis in $C_{4}$-plants
Explanation
The number of trophic levels in the food chain is restricted as the transfer of energy follows 10% law. This law states that only 10% of the energy is transferred to next trophic level from the lower trophic level
Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker
Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist
Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.