
(a) Initially under equilibrium of mass $m$
$T = mg$
Now, the string is cut. Therefore, $T = mg\ $force is decreased on mass $m$ upward and downwards on mass 2$m.$
$\therefore\ a_{m} = \frac{mg}{m} = g\ \ \ \ (downwards)$
$and\ a_{2m} = \frac{mg}{2m} = \frac{g}{2}\ (upwards)$