Explanation

The leaves in case of gymnosperms are well adapted to with stand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind. These shapes are xeromorphic adaptations because they reduce the amount of surface area available for evaporation. They have many other xeromorphic adaptation, which include a thick cuticle, sclerified epidermal cells, sunken stomata, a sclerotic hypodermis, tightly packed mesophyll, an endodermis, few or no lateral veins and centrally located vascular tissue