(a) Given circuit is a balanced Wheatstone bridge. So, diagonal resistance of 2$\Omega$ will be ineffective.
Equivalent resistance of upper arms
=2+2=4$\Omega$
Equivalent resistance of lower arms
=2+2=4$\Omega$
$R_{AB} = \frac{4 \times 4}{4 + 4} = 2\Omega$