(a) In given images, $P,\ Q$ and $R$ lenses in contact for $P$ combination of lenses
$\frac{1}{F_{P}} = \frac{1}{f} + \frac{1}{f} = \frac{2}{f}$
$F_{P} = \frac{f}{2}$
Similarly for $Q$ and $R$ combination
$F_{Q} = \frac{f}{2}$
$F_{R} = \frac{f}{2}$
Then $P\ :Q\ :R = 1\ :1\ :1$