(b) $n_{i}^{2} = n_{e}n_{h}$
$\left( 1.5 \times 10^{16} \right)^{2} = n_{e}(4.5 \times 10^{22})$
$n_{e} = 0.5 \times 10^{10} = 5 \times 10^{9}$
$n_{h} = 4.5 \times 10^{22}$
$n_{h} \gg n_{e}$
Semiconductor is $p$-type and $n_{e} = 5 \times 10^{9}m^{- 3}$