(a) If $n$ is the number of bits per sample, then number of quantisation levels $= 2^{n}$
Since the number of quantisation levels is 16
$\Rightarrow 2^{n} = 16 \Rightarrow n = 4$
$\therefore$ bit rate = sampling rate $\times$ no. of bits per sample
$= 8000 \times 4 = 32,000\ bits/s$