(a) $3 = 1s^{2},\ 2s^{1}$ $12 = 1s^{2},\ 2s^{2},\ 2p^{6},\ 3s^{2}$ Since, last electron enters in $s$-orbitals, these are $s$-bloc elements
Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist
Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.