(a)
The sum of oxidation states of all elements in an ion is equal to charge on it.
Let the oxidation state of S in ${SO}_{4}^{2 -} = x$
$\therefore\ \ x + ( - 2 \times 4) = - 2\$
Or $x = + 6$
Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker
Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist
Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.