Explanation

(d)
(a) Ethylene dichloride and ethylidine chloride both react with alc. KOH to produce ethyne.
$H_{3}C - CHCl_{2} + 2KOH(alc.) \rightarrow$
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ HC \equiv CH + 2KCl + 2H_{2}O$
$ClCH_{2} - CH_{2}Cl + 2KOH\ alc. \rightarrow$
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ HC \equiv CH + 2KCl + 2H_{2}O$
(b) They are position isomers because they have same molecular formula but different position of chlorine atom.
H Cl Cl
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$H_{3}C - C - Cl\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ and\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ H - C - C - H$
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Cl H H
ethylidene dichloride ethylene dichloride
(c) $\because$Their molecular formula is same
∴ They have same percentage of chlorine.
(d) They give different product on hydrolysis
$CH_{3}CHCl_{2} + 2KOH\ (aq) \longrightarrow$
ethyledene chloride
O
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \parallel$
$CH_{3} - CH(OH)_{2}\overset{- H_{2}O\ \ }{\rightarrow}CH_{3} - CH$
Unstable acetaldehyde
$CH_{2}Cl - CH_{2}Cl + 2KOH\ (aq) \longrightarrow CH_{2} - CH_{2}$
ethylene dichloride | |
OH OH
ethylene glycol