(a)
$Benzaldehyde\ \overset{Perkin\ reaction\ \ \ \ \ }{\rightarrow}3 - phenyl\ prop - 2ene - 1 - oic\ acid.$
$C_{6}H_{5}CHO + \left( CH_{3}CO \right)_{2}O\overset{CH_{3}COONa\ \ \ \ }{\rightarrow}C_{6}H_{5}CH = CHCOOH + CH_{3}COOH\$
Cinnamic acid