(b)
$\frac{1}{2}\tan{\frac{x}{2} = \frac{1}{2}\cot{\frac{x}{2} - \cot{x\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \left\lbrack \because\cot x = \frac{1 - \tan^{2}\frac{x}{2}}{2\tan\frac{x}{2}} \right\rbrack}}}$
And $\frac{1}{2^{2}}\tan{\frac{x}{2^{2}} = \frac{1}{2^{2}}\cot\left( \frac{x}{2^{2}} \right)} - \frac{1}{2}\cot\left( \frac{x}{2} \right)$
Similarly, $\frac{1}{2^{3}}\tan\left( \frac{x}{2^{3}} \right) = \frac{1}{2^{3}}\cot\left( \frac{x}{2^{3}} \right) - \frac{1}{2^{2}}\cot{\ldots\left( \frac{x}{2^{2}} \right)}$
$\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \vdots \ \ \ \ \ \vdots \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \vdots \ \ \ \ \ \vdots \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \vdots$
$\frac{1}{2^{n}}\tan{\left( \frac{x}{2^{n}} \right) = \frac{1}{2^{n}}\cot\left( \frac{x}{2^{n}} \right) - \frac{1}{2^{n - 1}}\cot\left( \frac{x}{2^{n - 1}} \right)}$
Om adding all the above results, we get
$\frac{1}{2}\tan{\frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{2^{2}}\tan{\left( \frac{x}{2^{2}} \right) + ... + \frac{1}{2^{n}}\tan\left( \frac{x}{2^{n}} \right) = \frac{1}{2^{n}}\cot{\left( \frac{x}{2^{n}} \right) - \cot x}}}$