(a)
Given, $\tan{\theta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{7}}}$
$\therefore\ \frac{cosec^{2} - \sec^{2}\theta}{cosec^{2}\theta + \sec^{2}\theta} = \frac{\left( 1 + \cot^{2}\theta \right) - \left( 1 + \tan^{2}\theta \right)}{\left( 1 + \cot^{2}\theta \right) + \left( 1 + \tan^{2}\theta \right)}$
$= \frac{\left( \cot^{2}{\theta - \tan^{2}\theta} \right)}{2 + \tan^{2}{\theta + \cot^{2}\theta}}$
$= \frac{7 - \frac{1}{7}}{2 + \frac{1}{7} + 7} = \frac{48}{64} = \frac{3}{4}$