(b) We have, ${(1 + x)}^{50} = \sum_{r = 0}^{50}{\ ^{50}C_{r}x^{r}}$. (The sum of coefficients of odd powers of $x$) $= \ ^{50}C_{1} + \ ^{50}C_{3} + ... + \ ^{50}C_{49}$ $= 2^{50 - 1} = 2^{49}$
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