Q. Let $S_{1},\ S_{2},\ldots$ be squares such that for each $n \geq 1,$ the length of a side of $S_{n}$ equals the length of a diagonal of $S_{n + 1}.$ If the length of a side of $S_{1}$ is 10cm, then for which of the following values of $n$ is the area of $S_{n}$ less than 1 sq cm?

A) 7
B) 6
C) 9
D) None of the above
Explanation

(c)
Given, $x_{n} = x_{n + 1}\sqrt{2}$
$\therefore\ x_{1} = x_{2}\sqrt{2},\ x_{2} = x_{3}\sqrt{2,}\ldots,x_{n} = x_{n + 1}\sqrt{2}$
On multiplying $x_{1} = x_{n + 1}\left( \sqrt{2} \right)^{n}$
$\Rightarrow x_{n + 1} = x/\left( \sqrt{2} \right)^{n}$
Hence, $x_{n} = \frac{x_{1}}{\left( \sqrt{2} \right)^{n - 1}}$
Area of $S_{n} = x_{n}^{2} = \frac{x_{1}^{2}}{2^{n - 1}} < 1\ \Rightarrow 2^{n - 1} > x_{1}^{2}\ \ \ (\because x_{1} = 10)$
$\therefore\ \ 2^{n - 1} > 100$
But $2^{7} > 100,\ 2^{8} > 100$ etc.
$\therefore\ n - 1 = 7,8,\ 9,\ldots\ \Rightarrow n = 8,\ 9,\ 10,\ldots$

Dr. Abubacker
Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker

Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist

Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.