(c)
The given line is $x\tan\alpha - y + c = 0$
or $x\sin\alpha - y\cos\alpha + c\cos\alpha = 0$
$\therefore\$Length of perpendicular from $\left( a\cos\alpha,\ a\sin\alpha \right)$
$= \frac{a\cos\alpha\sin\alpha - a\ \sin\alpha\cos\alpha + c\cos\alpha}{\sqrt{\sin^{2}\alpha + \cos^{2}\alpha}}$
$= \frac{c\cos\alpha}{1} = c\cos\alpha$