(b) $\lim_{x \rightarrow 1}\frac{x^{m} - 1}{x^{n} - 1} = \lim_{x \rightarrow 1}\frac{{mx}^{m} - 1}{{nx}^{n} - 1}$ [by L’ Hospital’s rule] $= \frac{m}{n}$
Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist
Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.