(b) $\lim_{x \rightarrow 1}\frac{e^{- x} - e^{- 1}}{x - 1} = \frac{1}{e}\lim_{x \rightarrow 1}\frac{e^{- (x - 1)} - 1}{x - 1} = - \frac{1}{e}$
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Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.