(d)
Standard deviation
$= {\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{18}\left( x_{j} - 8 \right)^{2}}{n} - \left( \frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{18}\left( x_{j} - 8 \right)^{\ }}{n} \right)}}^{2}$
$= \sqrt{\frac{45}{18} - \left( \frac{9}{18} \right)^{2}}$
$= \sqrt{\frac{45}{18} - \frac{1}{4} = \sqrt{\frac{81}{36}}}$
$= \frac{9}{6} = \frac{3}{2}$