Q. If $n$ positive integers are taken at random and multiplied together, the probability that the last digit of the product is 2, 4, 6 or 8, is

A) $\frac{4^{n} + 2^{n}}{5^{n}}$
B) $\frac{4^{n} \times 2^{n}}{5^{n}}$
C) $\frac{4^{n} - 2^{n}}{5^{n}}$
D) None of these
Explanation

(c)
The last digit of the product will be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 if and only if each of the $n$ positive integers ends in any of these digits. Now the probability of an integer ending
$in\ 1,\ 2,\ 3,\ 4,\ 5,\ 6,\ 7,\ 8\ or\ 9\ is\frac{8}{10}.Therefore\ the\ probability\ that\ the\ last\ digit\ of\ the\$
product of $n$ integer in $1,\ 2,\ 3,\ 4,\ 5,\ 6,\ 7,\ 8\ or\ 9\ is\ \left( \frac{4}{5} \right)^{n}.$The probability for an integer to
end in $1,\ 3,\ 7$ or $9\ is\frac{4}{10} = \frac{2}{5}$
Therefore the probability for the product of $n$ positive integers to end in 1, 3, 7 or 9 is $\left( \frac{2}{5} \right)^{n}$
Hence the required probability$= \left( \frac{4}{5} \right)^{n} - \left( \frac{2}{5} \right)^{n} = \frac{4^{n} - 2^{n}}{5^{n}}$

Dr. Abubacker
Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker

Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist

Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.