(b)
Applying $C_{3} \rightarrow C_{3} - C_{1},$we get
$\mathrm{\Delta} = \left| \begin{matrix}
1 & \alpha & \alpha^{2} - 1 \\
\cos(p - d)a & \cos{pa} & 0 \\
\sin(p - d)a & \sin{pa} & 0
\end{matrix} \right|$
$= \left( \alpha^{2} - 1 \right)\{\sin{pa\cos(p - d)a - \cos{pa\sin(p - d)a\}}}$
$= \left( \alpha^{2} - 1 \right)sin\{ - (p - d)a + pa\}$
$\Rightarrow \mathrm{\Delta} = \left( \alpha^{2} - 1 \right)\sin{da}$
Which is independent of $p$.