(a)
$\sum_{r = 0}^{n}{D_{r} = \left| \begin{matrix}
\sum_{}^{}r & 1 & \frac{n(n + 1)}{2} \\
2\sum_{}^{}r - \sum_{}^{}1 & 4 & n^{2} \\
\sum_{}^{}2^{r - 1} & 5 & 2^{n} - 1
\end{matrix} \right|}$
$= \left| \begin{matrix}
\frac{n(n + 1)}{2} & 1 & \frac{n(n + 1)}{2} \\
n^{2} & 4 & n^{2} \\
2^{n} - 1 & 5 & 2^{n} - 1
\end{matrix} \right| = 0$
[$\because$ two columns are identical]