(c) Given, $f(x) = x^{2} + 4x + 1$ $\Rightarrow \ \ \ \ f^{'}(x) = 2x + 4$ For maxima or minima, put $f^{'}(x) = 0$ $\Rightarrow \ \ \ \ \ \ 2x + 4 = 0$ $\Rightarrow \ \ \ \ \ x = - 2$ Now, $f^{''}(x) = 2 > 0$
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Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.