(b) Put $\tan^{- 1}{x = t}\ \ \ \Rightarrow \ \ \frac{1}{(1 + x^{2})}dx = dt$ $\therefore\ \int_{}^{}{\frac{\left( \tan^{- 1}x \right)^{3}}{(1 + x^{2})}dx} = \int_{}^{}t^{3}dt = \frac{t^{4}}{4} + c = \frac{\left( \tan^{- 1}x \right)^{4}}{4} + c$
Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist
Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.