(d)
$\frac{\left| \left( \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}} \right) \times \left( \overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}} \right) \right|}{\left( \overrightarrow{\mathbf{c}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}} \right) \bullet \left( \overrightarrow{\mathbf{b}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{a}} \right)} = \frac{\left| \overrightarrow{\mathbf{AC}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}} \right|}{\overrightarrow{\mathbf{AC}} \bullet \overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}}}$
$= \frac{||\overrightarrow{\mathbf{AC}}||\overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}}|in\ A\widehat{\mathbf{n}}|}{\left| \overrightarrow{\mathbf{AC}} \right|\left| \overrightarrow{\mathbf{BA}} \right|\cos A} = \tan A$