(a)
$\left( \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}} \right) \times (\overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} + \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}})$
$= \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} + \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}}$
$= \overrightarrow{\mathbf{0}} + \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}} + \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}} - \overrightarrow{\mathbf{0}}$
$= 2(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}} \times \overrightarrow{\mathbf{y}})$