A) the changes lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment and is called pioneer community
B) the gradual and predictable change in species composition occurs in a given area
C) the establishment of a new biotic community is very fast in its primary phase
D) the number and types of animals remain constant
Explanation
[Solution] Succession is a gradual, predictable change in species composition of an area; the equilibrium community is the climax, not the pioneer. Answer (2).
Reviewed by Dr. Abubacker
Physics Educator & NEET/JEE Specialist
Ph.D. in Physics with 19+ years of teaching experience.