Explanation

[Solution from source] Heterospory in some pteridophytes such as Selaginella and Salvinia, with the megaspore retained on the parent, is a precursor to the seed habit. Protonema and leafy stages belong to moss gametophytes, antheridiophores and archegoniophores occur in Marchantia (a liverwort), and the female gametophyte of gymnosperms is retained within the ovule, not free-living. Answer (1).