NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 4
Reproductive Health Class 12
Chapter 4 Reproductive Health Exercise Solutions
Exercise : Solutions of Questions on Page Number : 66
What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
Reproductive health is the total well being in all aspects of reproduction. It includes physical, emotional, behavioural, and social well being. Sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS, gonorrhoea, etc. are transferred from one individual to another through sexual contact. It can also lead to unwanted pregnancies. Hence, it is necessary to create awareness among people, especially the youth, regarding various reproduction related aspects as the young individuals are the future of the country and they are most susceptible of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases.
Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
Reproductive health is the total well being in all aspects of reproduction. The aspects which have to be given special attention in the present scenarios are
(1) Counselling and creating awareness among people, especially the youth, about various aspects of reproductive health, such as sexually transmitted diseases, available contraceptive methods, case of pregnant mothers, adolescence, etc.
(2)
Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
Yes, introduction of sex education in schools is necessary. It would provide right information to young individuals at the right time about various aspects of reproductive health such as reproductive organs, puberty, and adolescence related changes, safe sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.
Do you think that reproductive health in our country has improved in the past 50 years? If yes, mention some such areas of improvement.
Yes, the reproductive health has tremendously improved in India in the last 50 years. The areas of improvement are as follows.
(1) Massive child immunization programme, which has lead to a decrease in the infant mortality rate
(2) Maternal and infant mortality rate, which has been decreased drastically due to better post natal care
(3) Family planning, which has motivated people to have smaller families
(4)
What are the suggested reasons for population explosion?
The human population is increasing day by day, leading to population explosion. It is because of the following two major reasons.
(a) Decreased death rate
(b) Increased birth rate and longevity
Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons.
Yes, the use of contraceptives is absolutely justified. The human population is increasing tremendously. Therefore, to regulate the population growth by regulating reproduction has become a necessary demand in the present times.
Removal of gonads cannot be considered as a contraceptive option. Why?
Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in our country. Is this ban necessary? Comment.
Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children.
Infertility is the inability of a couple to produce a baby even after unprotected intercourse. It might be due to abnormalities present in either male or female, or might be even both the partners. The techniques used to assist infertile couples to have children are as follows.
(a) Test tube babies
Thisinvolves in-vitro fertilization where the sperms meet the egg outside the body of a female. The zygote, hence produced, is then transferred in the uterus or fallopian tube of a normal female. The babies produced from this method are known as test tube babies.
(b) Gamete Intra fallopian transfer (GIFT)
It is a technique that involves the transfer of gamete (ovum) from a donor into the fallopian tube of the recipient female who is unable to produce eggs, but has the ability to conceive and can provide right conditions for the development of an embryo.
(c) Intra Cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
It is a method of injecting sperm directly into the ovum to form an embryo in laboratory.
(d) Artificial insemination
What are the measures one has to take to prevent from contracting STDs?
State True/False with explanation
(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner. (True/False)
(d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people. (True/False)
(a) Abortions could happen spontaneously too.
True
(b) Infertility is defined as the inability to produce a viable offspring and is always due to abnormalities/defects in the female partner.
False
Infertilityis defined as the inability of the couple to produce baby even after unprotected coitus. It might occur due to abnormalities/defects in either male or female or both.
(c) Complete lactation could help as a natural method of contraception. False
Complete lactation or lactational amenorrhea is a natural method of contraception. However, it is limited till lactation period, which continues till six months after parturition.
(d) Creating awareness about sex related aspects is an effective method to improve reproductive health of the people.
Correct the following statements:
(b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
(d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
(a) Surgical methods of contraception prevent gamete formation.
Surgical methods of contraception prevent the flow of gamete during intercourse.
(b) All sexually transmitted diseases are completely curable.
Some of the sexually transmitted diseases are curable if they are detected early and treated properly. AIDS is still an incurable disease.
(c) Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among the rural women.
Oral pills are very popular contraceptives among urban women.
(d) In E. T. techniques, embryos are always transferred into the uterus.
In embryo transfer technique, 8 celled embryos are transferred into the fallopian tube while more than 8 celled embryos are transferred into the uterus.